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21.
Christian Vater Andrew Mark Williams Ernst-Joachim Hossner 《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2020,13(1):81-103
ABSTRACT The role and importance of peripheral vision have been discussed across various sports. Yet, its functionality remains unclear and the terms employed in the literature to characterize the use of peripheral vision are not well defined. We present a review of 29 studies focusing on the use of peripheral vision in sports. We focus on the methodological approaches employed to study its use and identify the mechanisms that may underlie the effective use of peripheral vision in sport. We define key differences between ‘gaze anchors’ and ‘visual pivots’ and introduce the concept of a ‘foveal spot’. All three gaze behaviors, while being characterized by a consistent, dynamically adjustable gaze location, have different functionalities. A gaze anchor is a cue-optimized position used for the monitoring of peripheral cues and avoiding the negative consequences of saccades (i.e. information suppression), especially under time pressure. A visual pivot is a distance-optimized location between relevant cues which allows athletes to optimally initiate saccades to those cues, especially if the costs of eye-movements are low. A foveal spot is primarily used for information processing via the fovea. Finally, we highlight suggestions for future research to improve our understanding of the functional differences between these gaze behaviors. 相似文献
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社会体育指导员作为社会体育发展的主要力量,提升自身的岗位素质成为社会体育指导员健身指导水平的保障。论文主要采用文献资料法、访谈法与问卷调查法,对社会体育指导员应有和实有的品质能力、技能能力、行为能力进行调查,研究认为,社会体育指导员的“应然”岗位素质均得到认可,而“实然”的岗位素质掌握程度不够理想,智能化设备使用能力成为短板,研究能为社会体育指导员在岗位上所应具备的岗位素质提供借鉴。 相似文献
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Past studies have explored the role of student science notebooks in supporting students' developing science understandings. Yet scant research has investigated science notebook use with students who are learning science in a language they are working to master. To explore how student science notebook use is co-constructed in interaction among students and teachers, this study examined plurilingual students' interactions with open-ended science notebooks during an inquiry science unit on condensation and evaporation. Grounded in theoretical views of the notebook as a semiotic social space, multimodal interaction analysis facilitated examination of the ways students drew upon the space afforded by the notebook as they constructed explanations of their understandings. Cross-group comparison of three focal groups led to multiple assertions regarding the use of science notebooks with plurilingual students. First, the notebook supported student-determined paths of resemiotization as students employed multiple communicative resources to express science understandings. Second, notebooks provided spaces for students to draw upon diverse language resources and as a bridge in time across multiple inquiry sessions. Third, representations in notebooks were leveraged by both students and teachers to access and deepen conceptual conversations. Lastly, students' interactions over time revealed multiple epistemological orientations in students' use of the notebook space. These findings point to the benefits of open-ended science notebooks use with plurilingual students, and a consideration of the ways they are used in interaction in science instruction. 相似文献
26.
从人力资本和社会资本的视角出发,以316名中国退役运动员为研究对象,探讨这2种资本对退役运动员收入的影响,结果显示:①中国退役运动员的收入差异较大,平均收入状况不容乐观;②在人力资本的各观测变量中,运动等级、受教育程度、身体健康状况和职业技能培训依次对退役运动员收入产生影响;③在社会资本各观测变量中,弱关系和网络异质性对退役运动员收入影响显著;④人力资本有助于退役运动员进入中等收入群体,社会资本有助于其进入高收入群体;⑤人力资本和社会资本对退役运动员的收入提升作用显著,且人力资本作用高于社会资本。基于此,从政府和个体层面提出提升退役运动员人力资本和社会资本的建议。 相似文献
27.
We previously proposed that science capital (science-related forms of cultural and social capital) can be used as a theoretical lens for explaining the patterned nature of aspirations and educational participation among young people aged 11–16. Building on these findings, the present article investigates whether science capital is related to post-18 aspirations to pursue further STEM study and whether science capital can be extended to related disciplines including engineering, maths and technology. Specifically, we report on correlational analyses exploring the relationships between science, technology, engineering and maths attitudes and science capital. Drawing on data from a new survey of 7,013 17/18 year old English secondary school students, analyses showed that science capital, while strongly related to engineering and physical science future study aspirations, was not strongly related to the pursuit of either maths or technology postsecondary study. The findings also suggest that engineering and maths attitudes have a stronger relationship to science capital than attitudes relating to technology. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings and propose that science capital might be more usefully applied to “SEM,” with links to technology fields and aspirations needing further exploration. 相似文献
28.
Danielle A. Pester A. Stephen Lenz Joshua C. Watson 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2020,59(2):112-128
As counselor preparation programs are compelled to demonstrate student social and cultural competence, valid inventories are needed to measure development consistent with contemporary standards. The Intersectional Privilege Screening Inventory was created for this purpose, was assessed using 4 types of validity evidence, and has results supporting its use in student development. 相似文献
29.
Success for All (SfA) is a comprehensive school reform program with a strong emphasis on cooperative learning that aims to improve students’ social emotional learning alongside students’ cognitive learning. In the present study it was examined whether SfA led to improved students’ social behavior in Grade 1–3 of primary education. Peer sociometric data was collected for 974 students aged 6–9. Using multivariate multilevel analysis we found no significant effect of SfA on students’ pro- and antisocial behavior over time. However, a significant interaction effect was found showing that antisocial behavior of students from disadvantaged backgrounds decreased in the intervention condition in Grade 2. This is a promising finding given that the SfA program was especially developed for schools serving large numbers of disadvantaged students. Implications of the study are described. 相似文献
30.
The study evaluated the relationship among teaching, leadership, teacher certification, student and teacher number related factors, and index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS), and science literacy from an international comparative perspective. 2015 dataset of the Programme for International Student Assessment for Turkey, Singapore, the United States, Korea, Italy, and Brazil was used. Two-level hierarchical linear models were established for analysis. Results revealed that school ESCS was the best predictor of science literacy across six countries and additionally teacher-related factors came to the forefront of science literacy performance. The study underlined policymakers should focus primarily on policies that increase equity in education. Furthermore, the effectiveness of investments made in factors related to leadership, teacher certification, the number of students and teachers, which contribute very little to science literacy performance, need to be more questioned. Inferences about the findings were discussed in detail, and recommendations for further research were made. 相似文献